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Deeper into the Machine: The Future of Electronic Literature
N. Katherine Hayles's keynote address for the 2002 State of the Arts Symposium at UCLA. Hayles identifies two generations of electronic literature: mainly text-based works produces in Storyspace and Hypercard until about 1995-1997, and second-generation works, mainly authored in Director, Flash, Shockwave and XML in years after that. She identifies second-generation works as "fully multimedia" and notes a move "deeper into the machine." She then reads a number of second-generation works in the context of their computational specificity.
Publication note: Also published online in Culture Machine Vol. 5 (2003)
Scott Rettberg - 30.05.2011 - 12:38
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Maskiner og parabler
En diskusjon av Steve Tomasula and Stephen Farrells TOC: A New Media Novel.
Scott Rettberg - 25.03.2012 - 23:41
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Time and the Machine: Steve Tomasula and Stephen Farrell’s TOC
English version of the review published in Norwegian as "Maskiner og parabler" in Vagant 3/2010.
A review of Steve Tomasula and Stephen Farrell's TOC: A New Media Novel.
Scott Rettberg - 26.03.2012 - 00:46
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After 391: Picabia's early multimedia experiments
This essay attempts to answer a simple question: why did Francis Picabia stop publishing 391? By October 1924, when the final issue was published, 391 was the longest running magazine related to dada and the burgeoning surrealist movement, and Picabia was well established as one of the premiere avant-gardists in Paris and beyond, with literary, artistic and personal connections to all the major players in the movements that had turned the art world upside down for almost a decade. What caused him to suddenly cease publication of his provocative (but well respected) journal?
(Source: author's abstract.)
Chris Joseph - 27.06.2012 - 07:34
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I like IRC & SMS
Rita Raley's presentation focuses on the use of IRC and SMS in multimedia installations, net-based projects, and street performances. Projects discussed will likely include "Listening Post" (Mark Hansen and Ben Rubin), "RE:Positioning Fear" (Rafael Lozano-Hemmer), "Urban Scrawl" (Sushma Madan and Neil Noakes), "TXTual Healing" (Paul Notzold), and "Simple Text" (Family Filter). While the chat messages used in "Listening Post" are datamined rather than solicited, the other projects are instances of user-driven media. One clear tension to explore, then, will be that between surveillance and participatory culture. Other themes and issues will include public vs. private space, locative media, and electronic English.
Scott Rettberg - 07.01.2013 - 16:12
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From Audio Black to Artful Noises: Looking at Sound in Electronic Literature
The interplay between sound and image was a vexed issue for practioners and critics of the 20th century art screen art. As the story goes, some argued for a "complex interaction of sound with image" (Kahn 142) others for the political necessity of non-synchronized sound. Early on, "the dream" of "correlating sound and image" through localization (Altman) to deploy sound so as "to reinforce the reality effect" and to "induce[...] spectators to center their gaze." (Polet). There is a sense of disappointment in this trajectory, from the "talkie"to Dolby Surround, by which the sound track comes to maintenance of an illusionistic 3-dimensional visual space.
Scott Rettberg - 08.01.2013 - 11:36
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Textuality and Graphic Novels: Identity, Influence and Adaptation in V for Vendetta and Beyond
This paper presents a multimedia/hypertext/PowerPoint presentation that focuses on the graphic novel V for Vendetta by Alan Moore and David Lloyd and the 2006 adapted film version of V for Vendetta, directed by Andy and Larry Wachowski. This presentation addresses the history of graphic novels and looks at recent trends in the medium, compares two scenes from the graphic novel with the film, and weaves in theoretical concepts such as the relationships between text and image, the use of simulation and semiotic analysis. Other issues discussed include the use of theatrics, masks and constructed identity in both texts. Finally, the presentation concludes with a look at the future of graphic novels and a call to further academic studies of this emerging textual medium and its growing life in virtual online forms.
(Source: Author's abstract, 2008 ELO Conference site)
Scott Rettberg - 09.01.2013 - 10:12
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Multimedia Project of Isaac Rosenberg and William Blake
The crux of my work two artist/poets, William Blake (1757-1827) and Isaac Rosenberg (1890-1919), is in how they expanded the definitions of the man/nature relationship through mythology and spiritual exploration. In addition to audio recordings of readings of the poets' poetry that accompanies their artwork and selected words for emphasis, which I composed in a movie format, I created a podcast discussing my critical and analytical study of the influence of Blake's writing on the increasingly well-studied Modernist, Rosenberg. The exploration of Rosenberg is benefitted by a recent and first scholarly edition of Rosenberg's poems by Vivien Noakes in 2004. While Noakes' edition of his poetry is in itself important, little critical exploration into the influence of Blake on Rosenberg's poetry has occurred, although it is often mentioned in brief. Indeed, not much critical exploration into Rosenberg's poetry has occurred whatsoever. The natural elements of Blake's and Rosenberg's poetry and especially the difference in the ways they presented nature compared to their contemporaries, will stand foremost in this study.
Scott Rettberg - 09.01.2013 - 13:23
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Engineering stories? A narratological approach to children’s book apps
With the rise of smartphones and tablet pcs, children’s book apps have emerged as a new type of children’s media. While some of them are based on popular children’s books such as Mo Willems’ Pigeon books or Beatrix Potter’s Peter Rabbit, others were specifically designed as apps. This paper focuses on examining book apps under the aspects of implied user strategies and narrative structure. Using a narratological framework that also takes into account the unique characteristics of the medium, a terminology for the analysis of book apps will be sketched out. Furthermore, an exemplary analysis of iOS book apps for pre- and grade school children comes to the conclusion that, far from offering the child users room for individual creativity, a large number of apps rather train their users in following prescribed paths of reading.
(Contains references to more creative works than currently registered:
Jill Walker Rettberg - 29.04.2014 - 06:24
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Paratext in Digital Culture: Is Paratext Becoming the Story? Pasts, Presents and Futures of Paratext in Digital Culture
In December 2012, a one-day workshop "Exploring Paratexts in Digital Contexts" was organized at the University of Bergen by the Digital Culture Research Group. The point of departure of this first workshop was paratextual theory as it was first articulated by Gérard Genette in 1987 (Seuils / English translation Paratexts. Thresholds of Interpretation 1997). This event was followed by the book Examining Paratextual Theory and its Applications in Digital Culture edited by Nadine Desrochers and Daniel Apollon (IGI Global, forthcoming Summer 2014). These two initiatives have revealed a strong interest in the academic community for appraising the potential and limits of paratextual theory in digital culture.
The Digital Culture and Electronic Literature Research Groups at UiB organizes this follow-up workshop Paratext in Digital Culture: Is Paratext Becoming the Story? to share ongoing research on paratextual devices, functions and strategies in digital culture and brainstorm about new research opportunities. The participants will explore further how paratext and related concepts may contribute to a better understanding of the nature and function of digital objects.
Alvaro Seica - 29.08.2014 - 09:37
