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Forming the Text, Performing the Work: Aspects of Media, Navigation, and Linking
This article proposes a theoretical framework intended to facilitate descriptions and discussions of texts of works in different media. The main theoretical traditions which have inspired this endeavor are, on the one hand, textual criticism (with scholars such as Fredson Bowers, D. C. Greetham, Jerome J. McGann, D. F. McKenzie, Peter L. Shillingsburg, and G. Thomas Tanselle), and, on the other hand, hypertext theory (represented by theorists like Espen Aarseth, Jay David Bolter, Jane Yellowlees Douglas, Michael Joyce, George P. Landow, and Janet H. Murray). The study aims to combine and develop the perspectives of such theoretical traditions in order to suggest a more consistent and extensive set of concepts for the analysis of how narratives are stored and disseminated. The study examines the structural aspects of texts and works, and deals with storage, presentation and reproduction of works. Moreover, the structure of works and texts, as well as the navigation related to these structures, are discussed. The study also includes an in-depth discussion on links and linking, and a new terminology is suggested for the subject.
Patricia Tomaszek - 29.11.2011 - 15:18
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The Contingencies of the Hypertext Link
The Contingencies of the Hypertext Link
Scott Rettberg - 24.01.2012 - 14:38
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Fuzzy Coherence: Making Sense of Continuity in Hypertext Narratives
Hypertexts are digital texts characterized by interactive hyperlinking and a fragmented textual organization. Increasingly prominent since the early 1990s, hypertexts have become a common text type both on the Internet and in a variety of other digital contexts. Although studied widely in disciplines like hypertext theory and media studies, formal linguistic approaches to hypertext continue to be relatively rare.
Patricia Tomaszek - 25.03.2012 - 13:25
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Mapping out Spaces for E-Lit Criticism
This paper explores the process of discovering works of elit by focusing on the role of the online literary journal. The heyday of Web 1.0, the late 1990s, gave birth to the first generation of electronic literature. To support this emergent art form, this period also delivered a multitude of online literary journals that showcased hypertexts, kinetic poetry, animations, and interactive fiction as well as scholarly articles, interviews with authors, book reviews, and critical discourse. But as the Web became a more graphic-friendly navigation space and debates about cybertext vs. hypertext took centerstage in critical forums, celebration of electronic literature in web-zines and journals seemed to dry up. In the first few years of the twenty-first century, most of the literary journals that had flourished in the late '90s had ceased operations. What are the spaces for electronic literature and its discovery in the 21st century? How do these spaces or lack of them map and remap the field of electronic literature and its criticism?
Scott Rettberg - 09.01.2013 - 11:56
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Storyspace 1
Storyspace, a hypertext writing environment, has been widely used for writing, reading, and research for nearly fifteen years. The appearance of a new implementation provides a suitable occasion to review the design of Storyspace, both in its historical context and in the context of contemporary research. Of particular interest is the opportunity to examine its use in a variety of published documents, all created within one system, but spanning the most of the history of literary hypertext.
EDITOR'S NOTE: This paper is interesting for the technical background it provides on many often-analysed works of electronic literature.
Jill Walker Rettberg - 28.06.2013 - 14:49
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Where No Mind Has Gone Before: Ontological Design for Virtual Spaces
Hypermedia designers have tried to move beyond the directed graph concept, which defines hypermedia structures as aggregations of nodes and links. A substantial body of work attempts to describe hypertexts in terms of extended or global spaces. According to this approach, nodes and links acquire meaning in relation to the space in which they are deployed. Some theory of space thus becomes essential for any advance in hypermedia design; but the type of space implied by electronic information systems, from hyperdocuments to “consensual hallucinations,” requires careful analysis. Familiar metaphors drawn from physics, architecture, and everyday experience have only limited descriptive or explanatory value for this type of space. As theorists of virtual reality point out, new information systems demand an internal rather than an external perspective.
Scott Rettberg - 02.07.2013 - 11:55
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"Lost in hyperspace": cognitive mapping and navigation in a hypertext environment
From the writers: "This paper describes an experiment which looks at how the users of a hypertext document cognitively represent its layout. A document was formed into three different hypertext styles and was presented to the readers, they were then asked a series of questions about information contained in the hypertexts. The way the users found the answers and the time taken was recorded, they were also ask to lay out cards, with reduced versions of the screen on them, on a board and as they thought them to be arranged in the document and also to draw any connecting hypertext links they thought existed between these screens. The users selected for this experiment consisted of 27 university undergraduates 15 male and 12 female with a mean age of 20.5 years with little or no computing experience. They were each assigned one of the three hypertext methods and their performance was recorded. The three methods consisted of a hierarchical, a mixed and an index based method."
Mathias Vetti Olaussen - 27.09.2021 - 16:00
