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From Papyrus to Hypertext: Toward the Universal Digital Library
Reflections and predictions of technology's effect on reading and writing In this study, Christian Vandendorpe examines how digital media and the Internet have changed the process of reading and writing, significantly altering our approaches toward research and reading, our assumptions about audience and response, and our theories of memory, legibility, and context. Reflecting on the full history of the written word, Vandendorpe provides a clear overview of how materiality makes a difference in the creation and interpretation of texts. Surveying the conventions of reading and writing that have appeared and disappeared in the Internet's wake, Vandendorpe considers various forms of organization, textual design, the use (and distrust) of illustrations, and styles of reference and annotation. He also examines the novel components of digital texts, including hyperlinks and emoticons, and looks at emergent, collaborative genres such as blogs and wikis, which blur the distinction between author and reader. Looking to the future, reading and writing will continue to evolve based on the current, contested trends of universal digitization and accessibility.
Eric Dean Rasmussen - 24.03.2011 - 15:37
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Amor de Clarice
Following Genette's forms of paratextuality, the process of quoting or re-writing in this poem involves a hypotext - the antecedent literary text (Clarice Lispector's "Amor") - and a hypertext, that which imitates the hypotext (the poem "Amor de Clarice"). Both hypotext and hypertext were performed and recorded by Nuno M. Cardoso, and later transcribed within Flash, where the author completed the integration of sound, animation, and interactivity. Following the hypotext/hypertext ontology, there are two different types of poems. In half of them (available from the main menu, on the left), the main poem (the hypertext) appears as animated text that can be clicked and dragged by the reader, with sounds assigned to the words. In these poems, the original text (the hypotext) is also present, as a multilayered, visually appealing, but static background. The sound for these movies was created by Carlos Morgado using recordings with readings of the poem.
Scott Rettberg - 15.04.2011 - 12:04
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Signal to Noise
"Signal to Noise" is a web-native hypertext designed for concurrent navigations by multiple readers, whose interactions with the text subtly influence one another's parallel readings in realtime.
Artist Statement:
"Signal to Noise" is a web-native hypertext designed to be read by multiple people simultaneously.
The interface is linked to a database via Ajax. A PHP engine tracks the parallel navigations and behavior of active users and responds by broadcasting relevant fragments, subtext, and other ephemera to all readers in realtime. Readers' concurrent movements through the narrative have subtle effects on one another's experiences. While readers are unable to directly communicate among themselves or evoke representative avatars in the virtual environment (with one clear exception), echoes and ripples are unavoidably left on the surface of the global text with every followed link. In time, these ripples subside and disappear.
Scott Rettberg - 28.03.2012 - 12:28
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Digital Literature: Theoretical and Aesthetic Reflections
The emergence of a new phenomenon – digital literature – within the field of
literary studies calls for the reorganization and creation of new theoretical and
analytical repertoires. As models of communication change, so do
reception and production processes accompanying these changes. Within these
altered scenarios, the dissertation Digital Literature: Theoretical and Aesthetic
Reflections is a response to the aesthetic and theoretical challenges brought on by
computer-based literature. As a methodological strategy, the dissertation articulates
recent trends in the theory of digital aesthetics – remediation (BOLTER),
eventilization (HAYLES), correlations of performativity, intermediality and
interactivity with meaning-driven analysis (SIMANOWSKI), Medienumbrüche
(GENDOLLA & SCHÄFER) – with theories of production of presence
(GUMBRECHT), autopoietic communicative models (LUHMANN) and closereadings
of digital works. By scripting a dialogue with key theorists from print
literary theory as well as new media theorists and artists in the burgeoning field,Luciana Gattass - 08.05.2012 - 14:38
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Beyond Myth and Metaphor: Narrative in Digital Media
The concept of narrative has been widely invoked by theorists of digital textuality, but the promotion of what is described as the storytelling power of the computer has often relied on shallow metaphors, loose conceptions of narrative, and literary models that ignore the distinctive properties of the digital medium. Two myths have dominated this theorization. The myth of the Aleph (as I call it) presents the digital text as a finite text that contains an infinite number of stories. The myth of the Holodeck envisions digital narrative as a virtual environment in which the user becomes a character in a plot similar to those of Victorian novels or Shakespearean tragedies. Both of these myths rely on questionable assumptions: that any permutation of a collection of lexias results in a coherent story; that it is aesthetically desirable to be the hero of a story; and that digital narrativity should cover the same range of emotional experiences as literary narrative. Here I argue that digital narrative should emancipate itself from literary models. But I also view narrative as a universal structure that transcends media.
Eric Dean Rasmussen - 15.05.2012 - 14:07
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From page to screen: placing hypertext fiction in an historical and contemporary context of print and electronic literary experiments
Only recently has our perception of the computer, now a familiar and ubiquitous element of everyday life, changed from seeing it as a mere tool to regarding it as a medium for creative expression. Computer technologies such as multimedia and hypertext applications have sparked an active critical debate not only about the future of the book format, ("the late age of print" {Bolter} is only one term used to describe the shift away from traditional print media to new forms of electronic communication) but also about the future of literature. Hypertext Fiction is the most prominent of proposed electronic literary forms and strong claims have been made about it: it will radically alter concepts of text, author and reader, enable forms of non-linear writing closer to the associative working of the mind, and make possible reader interaction with the text on a level impossible in printed text. So far the debate that has attempted to put hypertext fiction into a historical perspective has linked it to two developments.
Scott Rettberg - 13.12.2012 - 23:40
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Big Swing
Big Swing is a semi-non-linear, online narrative that mixes text, photography, sound design, video and interactivity. The story is designed to be explored rather than read. Delivered in semi-non-linear modules, the piece attempts to introduce and resolve tension in the manner of a traditional narrative, while still providing the user some degree of choice and control.
Exploring the story: Click on the small squares and words to reveal story fragments. Yellow words connect to the next chapter.
Scott Rettberg - 11.04.2013 - 12:18
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Interactive Technology and the Remediation of the Subject of Writing
Interactive Technology and the Remediation of the Subject of Writing
Scott Rettberg - 25.06.2013 - 13:59
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Písanie v interaktívnych médiách. Digitálna fikcia /Writing in the Interactive Media. Digital Fiction
The subject of the thesis is to introduce and contextualise the possibilities of writing in the interactive media as well as to study the literary art of interactive media in the Anglophone area. One of the attributes of the contemporary art pieces of interactive media is their intermedial character; the authors often link text, image and sound to introduce the fictional world. The aim of the thesis is on one hand to refer to the questions that are not new but have appeared in new circumstances due to the digital format and internet and on the other hand to refer to the questions typical for the digital fiction research. The research concentrates on the digital fiction – a digital piece written in a computer programme, in which the author offers a fictional world. The thesis addresses several aspects of digital fiction, whose combination indicates its characteristic status within the group of digital art – fragmentarity of narrative, multilinearity, interactivity, performativity, dynamics, intermediality and the principles of game and play.
Zuzana Husarova - 28.06.2013 - 14:46
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Le récit littéraire interactif. Narrativité et interactivité
The expression interactive literary narrative applies to a variety of works. In its diversity, the
interactive literary narrative raises questions on narratives, interactive architecture, multimedia as
well as on literature. It is because the interactive literary narrative is wrought by tensions that it has
this questioning and maybe even revealing capacity. This tension is first and foremost that which lies between narrativity and interactivity and which investigates other connections or tensions :
- with regards to the narrative, the tension between adherence and distance can be characterized by a play on fictionalization and reflexivity;
- with regards to the interactive architecture, the tension between assistance and control roles can
manifest itself by a play on loss of grasp,
- with regards to the multimedia, the tension between a text-based narrative and a multimedia
narrative can be reached by work on text as a dynamic and polysemiotic object, and also the
theatralization of interactive objects endowed with behaviour,Patricia Tomaszek - 09.07.2013 - 20:19
