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Semantisation, Exploration, Self-reflection and Absorption: Our Modes of Reading Hypertext Fiction
"How do we read hypertext fiction? The question has been widely explored (Moulthrop 1991; Kaplan and Moulthrop 1991; Snyder 1997; Miall and Dobson 2001; Ryan 2001; Gardner 2003; Gunder 2004; Landow 2006; Mangen 2006; Page 2006) and there seems to be a consensus regarding the reader’s experience of hypertext fiction. Many critics actually claim that reading hypertext fiction generates frustration and insecurity. These and other studies describe how their readers react on and respond to hypertext fiction, but, as I see it, they partly fail in that they put to much weight on the reader’s responds and hardly no weight on the fact that hypertext fiction just like print fiction encourage or prefigure different responses and different modes of reading. The consequence is that these studies suffers from limitations witch lessens their valuable contribution to our knowledge about reading hypertext fiction. One reason for this might be that hypertext theory lack established concepts for describing response structures that encourage different modes of reading.
Eric Dean Rasmussen - 27.01.2011 - 15:13
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Interview with Michael Joyce
Archivist Gabriela Redwine interviewed author Michael Joyce during his visit to the Ransom Center in April 2009. Excerpts from the interview are available as audio files and transcripts. Joyce talks about the reader community around early hypertexts, before they were even published and were just being passed from person to person on floppy disks, about connections between his work and Modernist authors (Stein, Joyce), about lowercase letters not being an obvious requirement to early computer programmers, about e-lit authors having to be their own critics and about the sensation of writing the first line of afternoon and knowing that this was different from conventional literature.
Jill Walker Rettberg - 14.02.2011 - 11:43
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"Uncle Roger", an Online Narrabase
Uncle Roger is a "narrabase" or narrative database. It was first told as an online serial on Art Com Electronic Network (ACEN) and then was published as an interactive online database on ACEN. It is also available as computer software for both Apple II and IBM-compatible computers. The narrabase form uses a computer database to build up levels of meaning. The artist explains how this form evolved from her visual books and her information databases. She discusses the story and structure of Uncle Roger and describes how the story was told and published in an online community. In the conclusion she discusses the future of computer literature.
(Source: author's abstract for paper)
Jill Walker Rettberg - 04.04.2011 - 20:49
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Reproductive Technologies, Fetal Icons, and Genetic Freaks: Shelley Jackson’s Patchwork Girl and the Limits and Possibilities of Donna Haraway’s Cyborg
This article uses Donna Haraway’s work in “A Cyborg Manifesto” to examine how new reproductive technologies and politics meet and converge with fictional representations of the posthuman subject in Shelley Jackson’s hypertext, Patchwork Girl. It argues that Jackson’s text offers a cyborgian reading of reproduction that challenges the dominant discourse surrounding new reproductive technologies. Ultimately, it argues that Jackson’s text represents assisted conceptions, cyborgian births, and monstrous progenesis in ways that explore the possibilities and limitations of the cyborg, and it addresses current preoccupations with the potential benefits and horrors of new reproductive technologies. (Source: Author's abstract)
Eric Dean Rasmussen - 27.06.2011 - 08:22
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Hyperfiction: Novels for the Computer
Coover's second significant New York Times' Books article reviewed contemporary hypertexts most substantially including Stuart Moulthrop's Victory Garden, as examples of works that have "printbound analogues" but suggested that new narrative forms were beginning to emerge.
Scott Rettberg - 06.09.2011 - 13:38
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The Genealogy of a Creative Community: Why is Afternoon the "Grandaddy" of Hypertext Fiction?
Michael Joyce’s hypertext fiction afternoon, a story was first publicly presented in 1987, and is generally known as the “granddaddy” of electronic literature (Coover, 1992). It has been anthologised by Norton, is substantially analysed and discussed in dozens of academic treatises and is taught or at least mentioned in almost every course taught on electronic literature. But afternoon is not the first work of electronic literature. Why did this particular work become the progenitor of a community of writers, a common reference point for scholars and students for the next 25 years? There were alternative possibilities. (The case has already been made that interactive fiction is equally a form of electronic literature - but IF is a distinct genre with a distinct community.) Why didn’t bp Nichols’ work “First Screening: Computer Poems” (1984) start a movement? Why are there no cricital discussions of Judy Malloy’s database narrative “Uncle Roger”, published on the WELL in 1986/97? This brief paper will question the role of the mythical progenitor in the creation of a creative communtiy. Why do we tend to imagine a father or “granddaddy” of a field?
Eric Dean Rasmussen - 08.09.2011 - 16:48
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A Pragmatics of Links
This paper applies the linguistic theory of relevance to the study of the way links work, insisting on the lyrical quality of the link-interpreting activity. It is argued that such a pragmatic approach can help us understand hypertext readers´ behavior, and thus be useful for authors and tool-builders alike. (Source: Author's abstract)
Jill Walker Rettberg - 15.10.2011 - 21:39
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Hypertextual Rhythms (The Momentary Advantage of Our Awkwardness)
Michael Joyce's paper, "Hypertextual Rhythms (The Momentary Advantage of Our Awkwardness)," addresses the historical moment of recent hypertext fiction. He will suggest that the common perception of hypertext as an awkward and opaque mode of discourse may actually make it easier to grasp its historical significance. Before the novelty of the electronic medium fades, and electronic text assumes the transparency that printed text now has, we may better understand it as a distinct representational form.
Joyce presented this paper as part of a special session, "Hypertext, Hypermedia: Defining a Fictional Form," at the 1992 MLA Convention. The panel was chaired by Terence Harpold. Other panelists included pioneering hypertext authors: Carolyn Guyer, Judy Malloy, and Stuart Moultrhop.
(Source: Humanist Archives Vol. 6 : 6.0338 Hypertext at MLA)
Eric Dean Rasmussen - 01.01.2012 - 13:30
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The Pleasure Principle: Immersion, Engagement, Flow
While few critics writing on readers and hypertext have focused on the affective pleasures of reading hypertext fiction or interactive narratives like Myst, those who assess the experience of reading them tend to assume interactive texts should be either immersive or engaging. This study uses schema theory to define the characteristics of immersion and engagement in both conventional and new media. After examining how readers' experiences of these two different aesthetics may be enhanced or diminished by interface design, options for navigation, and other features, the essay concludes by looking beyond immersion and engagement to “flow, ” a state in which readers are both immersed and engaged.
Source: ACM Publication
Paper presented at the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia Conference and published in the proceedings.Patricia Tomaszek - 25.03.2012 - 14:12
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Hypertext Fiction Reading: Haptics and Immersion
Reading is a multi-sensory activity, entailing perceptual, cognitive and motor interactions with whatever is being read. With digital technology, reading manifests itself as being extensively multi-sensory – both in more explicit and more complex ways than ever before. In different ways from traditional reading technologies such as the codex, digital technology illustrates how the act of reading is intimately connected with and intricately dependent on the fact that we are both body and mind – a fact carrying important implications for even such an apparently intellectual activity as reading, whether recreational, educational or occupational. This article addresses some important and hitherto neglected issues concerning digital reading, with special emphasis on the vital role of our bodies, and in particular our fingers and hands, for the immersive fiction reading experience.
Jill Walker Rettberg - 13.12.2012 - 21:11
