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  1. Hyperworks: On Digital Literature and Computer Games

    This study investigates the effects of digitization on literature and literary culture with focus on works of literary fiction and other kinds of works inspired by such works. The concept of "hyperworks" refers to works intended to be navigated multisequentially, i.e. the users create their own paths through the work by making choices. The three articles that make up the dissertation include analyses of individual works as well as discussions of theoretical models and concepts. The study combines perspectives from several theoretical traditions: narratology, hypertext theory, ludology (i.e. game studies), sociology of literature, textual criticism, media theory, and new media studies. This study investigates the effects of digitization on literature and literary culture with focus on works of literary fiction and other kinds of works inspired by such works. The concept of “hyperworks” refers to works intended to be navigated multisequentially, i.e. the users create their own paths through the work by making choices. The three articles that make up the dissertation include analyses of individual works as well as discussions of theoretical models and concepts.

    Jill Walker Rettberg - 14.02.2011 - 14:38

  2. Phantasmal Fictions

    from ebr Electronic Book Review: D. Fox Harrell considers how a media theory of the "phantasmal" - mental image and ideological construction - can be used to cover gaps within electronic literary practice and criticism. His perspective is shaped by cognitive semantics and the approach to meaning-making known as "conceptual blending theory."

    Eric Dean Rasmussen - 22.02.2011 - 17:57

  3. The Language of New Media

    In this influential book Manovich proposes five principles of new media: 1) Numerical representation: new media objects exist as data. 2) Modularity: the different elements of new media exist independently. 3) Automation: new media objects can be created and modified automatically. 4) Variability: new media objects exist in multiple versions. 5) Transcoding: The logic of the computer influences how we understand and represent ourselves. Another often cited point in the book is his discussion of database aesthetics and database narratives. Manovich's work is based in cinema studies and his book was especially rapidly taken up in media studies departments.

    Jill Walker Rettberg - 23.02.2011 - 20:16

  4. Cybertext Poetics: The Critical Landscape of New Media Literary Theory

    Equally interested in what is and what could be, Cybertext Poetics combines ludology and cybertext theory to solve persistent problems and introduce paradigm changes in the fields of literary theory, narratology, game studies, and digital media. The book first integrates theories of print and digital literature within a more comprehensive theory capable of coming to terms with the ever-widening media varieties of literary expression, and then expands narratology far beyond its current confines resulting in multiple new possibilities for both interactive and non-interactive narratives. By focusing on a cultural mode of expression that is formally, cognitively, affectively, socially, aesthetically, ethically and rhetorically different from narratives and stories, Cybertext Poetics constructs a ludological basis for comparative game studies, shows the importance of game studies to the understanding of digital media, and argues for a plurality of transmedial ecologies.

    (Source: Continuum online catalog.)

    Jörgen Schäfer - 16.03.2012 - 14:52

  5. Gramophone, Film, Typewriter

    Toward the end of the nineteenth century, the hegemony of the printed word was shattered by the arrival of new media technologies that offered novel ways of communicating and storing data. Previously, writing had operated by way of symbolic mediation—all data had to pass through the needle's eye of the written signifier—but phonography, photography, and cinematography stored physical effects of the real in the shape of sound waves and light. The entire question of referentiality had to be recast in light of these new media technologies; in addition, the use of the typewriter changed the perception of writing from that of a unique expression of a literate individual to that of a sequence of naked material signifiers. Part technological history of the emergent new media in the late nineteenth century, part theoretical discussion of the responses to these media—including texts by Rilke, Kafka, and Heidegger, as well as elaborations by Edison, Bell, Turing, and other innovators—Gramophone, Film, Typewriter analyzes this momentous shift using insights from the work of Foucault, Lacan, and McLuhan.

    Scott Rettberg - 29.06.2013 - 13:45

  6. Literature in a State of Emergency

    Giorgio Agamben has identified the “State of Exception” as the emergent principle of governance for the 21st Century. To summarize Agamben’s argument, alongside the emergence of modern theories of governance (democratic societies with defined human rights), a state of permanent emergency has been declared in response to the various threats (terrorism, ecological disasters, migration, etc.) that have enabled an exception to the rule to persist as the emerging norm. Parallel to this crisis in politics, there is the increasing currency of the term emergence in literary criticism, media theory, and cultural studies to describe the general state of change. Increasingly, this term is used to describe change as a benign and specifically digital determinism. This paper will consider electronic literature as both a laboratory for formal innovation and a site of critique.

    Scott Rettberg - 25.09.2013 - 12:36

  7. After the Digital Divide? German Aesthetic Theory in the Age of New Media

    The term "new media" is a current buzzword among scholars and in the media industry, referring to the ever-multiplying digitized modes of film/image and sound production and distribution. Yet how new, in fact, are these new media, and how does their rise affect the role of older media? What new theories allow us to examine our culture of ubiquitous electronic screens and networked pleasures? Is a completely new set of perspectives, concepts, and paradigms required, or are older modes of discussion about the relationship between technology and art still adequate? This book reconsiders the seminal work of German media theorists such as Adorno, Benjamin, and Kracauer in order to explore today's rapidly changing mediascape, questioning the naive progressivism that informs much of today's discourse about media technologies. The contributions, by internationally-recognized critics from a variety of academic fields, encourage a view of the history of media as structured by difference, complexity, and multiplicity. Together, they offer intriguing ways of understanding the changed position of media in today's Germany and beyond. Contributors: Nora M.

    Patricia Tomaszek - 11.10.2013 - 20:20

  8. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man

    Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man is a 1964 book by Marshall McLuhan, a pioneering study in media theory. McLuhan proposes that the media, not the content that they carry, should be the focus of study. He suggests that the medium affects the society in which it plays a role not by the content delivered through it, but by the characteristics of the medium. McLuhan pointed to the light bulb as an example. A light bulb does not have content in the way that a newspaper has articles or a television has programs, yet it is a medium that has a social effect; that is, a light bulb enables people to create spaces during nighttime that would otherwise be enveloped by darkness. He describes the light bulb as a medium without any content. McLuhan states that "a light bulb creates an environment by its mere presence." More controversially, he postulated that content had little effect on society — in other words, it did not matter if television broadcasts children's shows or violent programming, to illustrate one example — the effect of television on society would be identical.

    J. R. Carpenter - 20.07.2014 - 12:40

  9. Mapping the Convergence of Networked Digital Literature and Net Art onto the Modes of Production

    In this paper I argue that the restrictions imposed by technological barriers within select forms of digital literature and net art are cause for the success of these works from the early internet to the present—the technological restrictions themselves guided their formulation. Arguably, the
    constraints create the aesthetic context in which the works thrive, while the artist figure
    transforms into mechanical producer.

    Magnus Lindstrøm - 17.02.2015 - 15:53

  10. Optische Poesie: Von den prähistorischen Schriftzeichen bis zu den digitalen Experimenten der Gegenwart

    Klaus Peter Dencker, visual poet, Germanist and media theorist, documents the spectrum of forms of optical poetry from its pre-historic beginnings up to the present digital age. The compendium provides a typology of optical poetry, an international historical overview with many illustrations and several chronological tables together with indexes of subjects and names providing access to the comprehensive apparatus of notes. (Source: https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/176646)

    Alvaro Seica - 10.02.2017 - 12:41

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