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1. The Language of New Media

   In this influential book Manovich proposes five principles of new media: 1) Numerical representation: new media objects exist as data. 2) Modularity: the different elements of new media exist independently. 3) Automation: new media objects can be created and modified automatically. 4) Variability: new media objects exist in multiple versions. 5) Transcoding: The logic of the computer influences how we understand and represent ourselves. Another often cited point in the book is his discussion of database aesthetics and database narratives. Manovich's work is based in cinema studies and his book was especially rapidly taken up in media studies departments.

   Jill Walker Rettberg - 23.02.2011 - 20:16

2. Cybertext Poetics: The Critical Landscape of New Media Literary Theory

   Equally interested in what is and what could be, Cybertext Poetics combines ludology and cybertext theory to solve persistent problems and introduce paradigm changes in the fields of literary theory, narratology, game studies, and digital media. The book first integrates theories of print and digital literature within a more comprehensive theory capable of coming to terms with the ever-widening media varieties of literary expression, and then expands narratology far beyond its current confines resulting in multiple new possibilities for both interactive and non-interactive narratives. By focusing on a cultural mode of expression that is formally, cognitively, affectively, socially, aesthetically, ethically and rhetorically different from narratives and stories, Cybertext Poetics constructs a ludological basis for comparative game studies, shows the importance of game studies to the understanding of digital media, and argues for a plurality of transmedial ecologies.

   (Source: Continuum online catalog.)

   Jörgen Schäfer - 16.03.2012 - 14:52

3. Gramophone, Film, Typewriter

   Toward the end of the nineteenth century, the hegemony of the printed word was shattered by the arrival of new media technologies that offered novel ways of communicating and storing data. Previously, writing had operated by way of symbolic mediation—all data had to pass through the needle's eye of the written signifier—but phonography, photography, and cinematography stored physical effects of the real in the shape of sound waves and light. The entire question of referentiality had to be recast in light of these new media technologies; in addition, the use of the typewriter changed the perception of writing from that of a unique expression of a literate individual to that of a sequence of naked material signifiers. Part technological history of the emergent new media in the late nineteenth century, part theoretical discussion of the responses to these media—including texts by Rilke, Kafka, and Heidegger, as well as elaborations by Edison, Bell, Turing, and other innovators—Gramophone, Film, Typewriter analyzes this momentous shift using insights from the work of Foucault, Lacan, and McLuhan.

   Scott Rettberg - 29.06.2013 - 13:45

4. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man

   Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man is a 1964 book by Marshall McLuhan, a pioneering study in media theory. McLuhan proposes that the media, not the content that they carry, should be the focus of study. He suggests that the medium affects the society in which it plays a role not by the content delivered through it, but by the characteristics of the medium. McLuhan pointed to the light bulb as an example. A light bulb does not have content in the way that a newspaper has articles or a television has programs, yet it is a medium that has a social effect; that is, a light bulb enables people to create spaces during nighttime that would otherwise be enveloped by darkness. He describes the light bulb as a medium without any content. McLuhan states that "a light bulb creates an environment by its mere presence." More controversially, he postulated that content had little effect on society — in other words, it did not matter if television broadcasts children's shows or violent programming, to illustrate one example — the effect of television on society would be identical.

   J. R. Carpenter - 20.07.2014 - 12:40

5. Optische Poesie: Von den prähistorischen Schriftzeichen bis zu den digitalen Experimenten der Gegenwart

   Klaus Peter Dencker, visual poet, Germanist and media theorist, documents the spectrum of forms of optical poetry from its pre-historic beginnings up to the present digital age. The compendium provides a typology of optical poetry, an international historical overview with many illustrations and several chronological tables together with indexes of subjects and names providing access to the comprehensive apparatus of notes. (Source: https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/176646)

   Alvaro Seica - 10.02.2017 - 12:41