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Computer Power and Human Reason
Computer Power and Human Reason
Scott Rettberg - 20.05.2011 - 10:43
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ELIZA — A Computer Program For the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man And Machine
Full title: "ELIZA — A Computer Program For the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man And Machine"
ELIZA is a program operating within the MAC time-sharing system at MIT which makes certain kinds of natural language conversation between man and computer possible. Input sentences are analyzed on the basis of decomposition rules which are triggered by key words appearing in the input text. Responses are generated by reassembly rules associated with selected decomposition rules. The fundamental technical problems with which ELIZA is concerned are: (1) the identification of key words, (2) the discovery of minimal context, (3) the choice of appropriate transformations, (4) generation of responses in the absence of key words, and (5) the provision of an editing capability for ELIZA "scripts". A discussion of some psychological issues relevant to the ELIZA approach as well as of future developments concludes the paper.
(Source: Author's abstract)
Scott Rettberg - 20.05.2011 - 10:51
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Pixelated Drama
A discussion of the emerging pixel aesthetic in the late 90s, through a meditation on the Pixelvision 2000, Kasparov versus Deep Blue, and analog video art aesthetics.
Joe Milutis - 20.01.2012 - 22:53
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Think Again: Artificial Intelligence, Television, and Video
Discussion of how "thought" is visualized in television, computers, and video art. The importance of the proliferation of new forms of inhuman visuality and artificial intelligence to new electronic art.
Joe Milutis - 21.01.2012 - 02:48
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The Metanovel: Writing Stories by Computer
People draw on many diverse sources of real-world knowledge in order to make up stories, including the following: knowledge of the physical world; rules of social behavior and relationships; techniques for solving everyday problems such as transportation, acquisition of objects, and acquisition of information; knowledge about physical needs such as hunger and thirst; knowledge about stories their organization and contents; knowledge about planning behavior and the relationships between kinds of goals; and knowledge about expressing a story in a natural language. This thesis describes a computer program which uses all information to write stories. The areas of knowledge, called problem domains, are defined by a set of representational primitives, a set of problems expressed in terms of those primitives, and a set of procedures for solving those problems. These may vary from one domain to the next. All this specialized knowledge must be integrated in order to accomplish a task such as storytelling. The program, called TALE-SPIN, produces stories in English, interacting with the user, who specifies characters, personality characteristics, and relationships between characters.
Eric Dean Rasmussen - 20.03.2012 - 11:07
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O Sujeito-Projeto: Metaperformance e Endoestética
O Sujeito-Projeto: Metaperformance e Endoestética
Luciana Gattass - 22.10.2012 - 17:02
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Expressive Processing: On Process-Intensive Literature and Digital Media
Most studies of digital media focus on elements familiar from traditional media. For example, studies of digital literature generally focus on surface text and audience experience. Interaction is considered only from the audience's perspective. This study argues that such approaches fail to interpret the element that defines digital media -- computational processes. An alternative is proposed here, focused on interpreting the internal operations of works. It is hoped that this will become a complement to (rather than replacement for) previous approaches. The examples considered include both processes developed as general practices and those of specific works. A detailed survey of story generation begins with James Meehan's Tale-Spin, interpreted through "possible worlds" theories of fiction (especially as employed by digital media theorists such as Marie-Laure Ryan). Previous interpretations missed important elements of Tale-Spin's fiction that are not visible in its output.
Scott Rettberg - 13.12.2012 - 16:50
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Interactive Drama, Art, and Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence methods open up new possibilities in art and entertainment,
enabling rich and deeply interactive experiences. At the same time as AI opens up new
fields of artistic expression, AI-based art itself becomes a fundamental research agenda,
posing and answering novel research questions that would not be raised unless doing AI
research in the context of art and entertainment. I call this agenda, in which AI research
and art mutually inform each other, Expressive AI. Expressive AI takes seriously the
problem of building intelligences that robustly function outside of the lab, engaging
human participants in intellectually and aesthetically satisfying interactions, which,
hopefully, teach us something about ourselves.Scott Rettberg - 13.12.2012 - 17:36
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Narrating Artificial Daydreams, Memories, Reveries: Toward Scalable Intentionality in Expressive Artificial Intelligence Practice
Literary fiction works are often driven by the emotions and personalities of their characters. In this project we explore such subjective human dimensions through a text-based computational narrative work centered on the notions of daydreams, memories, brief reveries – hallmarks of literature invoking stream-of-consciousness techniques. As central to our work, we present the novel notion of "scales of intentionality," techniques allowing user interaction to vary the narration of a character's intentionality and agency within a story world. This notion allows our work to exist simultaneously as a critical technical practice and an expressive cultural production.
(Source: Authors' abstract, 2008 ELO Conference)
Scott Rettberg - 09.01.2013 - 14:54
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Modes of Narrative Specific to AI (Interview with Jichen Zhu)
Jichen Zhu explores narrative using artificial intelligence to explore subjective fluid aspects of human emotional experience. Her research is informed by cognitive science research into analogy (extending foundations associated with Michael Mateas, Noah Warddrip-Fruin & Fox Harrell).
Jichen's aim is to explore the expressive potential of algorithms as aids to the constructions of narrative; in her view, algorithms do not necessarily replace human writers, but augment expressivity. She is working toward the possibility of AI narrative engines which develop stories unique to the architecture of computation. This provocative possibility is not easily implemented, yet operates as a lure, instigating research into modes of creativity inherently different from human authorial intent.
(Source: David Jhave Johnston)
Scott Rettberg - 12.02.2013 - 14:10
