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  1. A Literatura Cibernética 1: Autopoemas Gerados por Computador

    Pedro Barbosa’s pioneering work introduced computer-generated literature (CGL) in Portugal in 1975. Having worked with Abraham A. Moles at the University of Strasbourg, Barbosa published three theoretical-practical volumes of his programming experiences with the FORTRAN and BASIC languages. These volumes deal with combinatorics and randomness, developing algorithms able to ally computing and literary production, bearing in mind a perspective of computational text theory.

    Scott Rettberg - 10.07.2013 - 14:26

  2. Infopoesia ou Poesia Informacional

    "Infopoesia ou Poesia Informacional" [Infopoetry or Informational Poetry] was published on October 29, 1987, in the Diário de Lisboa, in the supplement “Ler Escrever.”

    This benchmark article helped defining the state-of-the-art of “computational poetry,” by exposing the 1960s creative threads in the works by Nanni Balestrini, Herberto Helder, Margaret Masterman and Marc Adrian, and by additionally introducing new Portuguese and Brazilian authors, such as Pedro Barbosa, Silvestre Pestana, Antero de Alda, Erthos Albino de Souza and João Coelho. Furthermore, it disseminated for a general audience the relevance of computational programming in literary creation, by stressing that, for some authors, “a própria programação [é] o acto de criação poética por excelência, sendo o programa um poema” [the very programming (is) the act of poetic creation par excellence, being the program a poem], which facilitates different outputs.

    [Source: Álvaro Seiça, "A Luminous Beam: Reading the Portuguese Electronic Literature Collection" (2015)]

    Alvaro Seica - 05.03.2015 - 12:12

  3. 'Electrònicolírica' by Herberto Helder and PO.EX Combinatorics

    Herberto Helder died. Helder is one of the most consistent and innovative Portuguese poets of the second half of the 20th century. Even if his later œuvre has been marked by a traditional experimentalist reworking of crafted language, whose poiesis engages with a very idiosyncratic vocabulary, one should not forget Helder’s eclectic trajectory. Having been influenced by, among other movements, Surrealism and international avant-garde experimentalism, Herberto Helder was, firstly together with António Aragão (1964), and secondly with Aragão and E. M. de Melo e Castro (1966), the editor of two important anthologies or cadernos (chapbooks), Poesia Experimental 1 [Experimental Poetry 1] and Poesia Experimental 2 [Experimental Poetry 2]. Both these anthologies opened up most of the major pathways of literary and artistic experimentalism in the 1960s, from which the PO.EX (Experimental POetry) movement emerged.

    Alvaro Seica - 08.04.2015 - 19:53

  4. «Electrònicolírica» de Herberto Helder e Combinatória PO.EX

    Herberto Helder morreu. Helder é um dos poetas portugueses mais consistentes e inovadores da segunda metade do século vinte. Ainda que a sua obra mais recente tenha sido marcada por um trabalho de reformulação da linguagem que podemos considerar como um experimentalismo tradicionalista, cuja poiesis se empenha e se alicerça num vocabulário idiossincrático, não podemos esquecer a trajectória ecléctica de Helder. Tendo sido influenciado, entre outros, pelo surrealismo e pelo experimentalismo vanguardista internacional, Herberto Helder foi, primeiro com António Aragão (1964), e depois com Aragão e E. M. de Melo e Castro (1966), editor de dois importantes cadernos antológicos, Poesia Experimental 1e Poesia Experimental 2. Os cadernos desencadearam a maior parte dos principais caminhos do experimentalismo literário e artístico dos anos 1960, a partir dos quais o movimento da PO.EX (POesia.EXperimental) emergiu.

    Alvaro Seica - 08.04.2015 - 20:04

  5. Ángel Carmona: Poeta Informático

    A review on Poemas V2 by Ángel Carmona.

    Alvaro Seica - 15.04.2015 - 16:41

  6. The Truelist

    The Truelist is a book-length poem generated by a one-page, stand-alone computer program. Based around compound words, some more conventional, some quite unusual, the poem invites the reader to imagine moving through a strange landscape that seems to arise from the English language itself. The unusual compounds are open to being understood differently by each reader, given that person’s cultural and individual background.

    The core text that Nick Montfort wrote is the generating computer program. It defines the sets of words that combine, the way some lines are extended with additional language, the stanza form, and the order of these words and the lines in which they appear. The program is included on the last page. Anyone who wishes is free to study it, modify it to see what happens, and make use of it in their own work.

    Nick Montfort - 19.04.2018 - 22:43

  7. Butterflies, Busy Weekends, and Chicken Salad: Genetic Criticism and the Output of @Pentametron

    Textual analysis places great emphasis on determining the development and direction of authorial intention to illuminate a text’s layers of meaning. How, though, is one to determine the development of authorial intention in a text that appears to remove the traditional human author? This paper explores issues of authorship presented to genetic criticism (critique génétique) by algorithmically-produced texts – that is, texts produced through programmed logic in a computer rather than through direct human agency – such as those of the Twitter bot Pentametron (twitter.com/pentametron). This paper considers the perceived importance of authorship and human agency in the creation of a text. Algorithmic texts challenge contemporary notions of textual creation and development, in turn posing challenges to genetic criticism that are similar to those posed by cut-up texts in other media.

    leahhenrickson - 13.08.2018 - 21:18

  8. Kim Kardashian's Marriage

    Sam Riviere's debut, 81 Austerities, began as a blog responding to the spending cuts, and went on in publication to win the 2012 Forward Prize for Best First Collection. A sequel of sorts, the 72 poems in Kim Kardashian's Marriage mark out equally sharpened lines of public and private engagement. Kim Kardashian's 2011 marriage lasted for 72 days, and was seen by some as illustrative of the performative spectacle of celebrity life. Whatever the truth of this (and Kardashian's own statements refute it), Riviere has used the furore as a point of ignition, deploying terms from Kardashian's make-up regimen to explore surfaces and self-consciousness, presentation and obfuscation. His approach eschews a dependence upon confessional modes of writing to explore what kind of meaning lies in impersonal methods of creation. For, as with 81 Austerities, the process of enquiry involves the composition method itself, this time in poems that have been produced by harvesting and manipulating the results of search engines to create a poetry of part-collage, part-improvisation.

    leahhenrickson - 13.08.2018 - 21:41