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1. Semantisation, Exploration, Self-reflection and Absorption: Our Modes of Reading Hypertext Fiction

   "How do we read hypertext fiction? The question has been widely explored (Moulthrop 1991; Kaplan and Moulthrop 1991; Snyder 1997; Miall and Dobson 2001; Ryan 2001; Gardner 2003; Gunder 2004; Landow 2006; Mangen 2006; Page 2006) and there seems to be a consensus regarding the reader’s experience of hypertext fiction. Many critics actually claim that reading hypertext fiction generates frustration and insecurity. These and other studies describe how their readers react on and respond to hypertext fiction, but, as I see it, they partly fail in that they put to much weight on the reader’s responds and hardly no weight on the fact that hypertext fiction just like print fiction encourage or prefigure different responses and different modes of reading. The consequence is that these studies suffers from limitations witch lessens their valuable contribution to our knowledge about reading hypertext fiction. One reason for this might be that hypertext theory lack established concepts for describing response structures that encourage different modes of reading.

   Eric Dean Rasmussen - 27.01.2011 - 15:13

2. Reading Hyperfiction - Mission Impossible?

   During readings of hyperfiction studies I have noticed a peculiar tendency in relation to the study of literature. Most of them focus exclusively on form: complex web-textuality, multilinearity and architecture as well as navigation, inderterminancy and the role of the reader and author. One has to ask: Why do very few of these studies of hyperfiction deal with the content, i.e. the story, the plot? But rather employ these aspects only in relation to form?

   Jill Walker Rettberg - 09.10.2012 - 22:30

3. Reading Cybertexts - An Empirical Approach

   I am currently planning an empirical study on how people actually read digital texts (plain texts in digital format, hypertexts, cybertexts). I will discuss the preconditions of such study - how the reading platform (computer screen, ebook) affects the act of reading, and what are the interpretive frameworks people employ when confronting unfamiliar cybertexts. Preliminary findings from a pilot research possibly available.

   Jill Walker Rettberg - 09.10.2012 - 22:35

4. Meta Discourse: An Investigation into Possibilities of Meta-Fictions in the 21st Century

   The old rites of literature are quickly starting to come to a head, and as we move through the 21st century we will find ourselves staring into new modes of expression of literary concepts that we have known only on the printed page for centuries prior. Meta-fiction not only allows for new ways of approaching a narrative but also new ways of approaching literature in general, including electronic literature. Questioning the boundaries between the reader and the writer, the audience and the performer, the characters in the text and the ones reading it, one might say that meta-fiction was one of the first forms of hypertext mediums in which the reader was encouraged to draw on outside influences and information to arrive at the heart of the text. This understanding of meta-fiction, then, makes it an appropriate place to begin an analysis of new modes of discourse and the variability of the messages presented. In such a textually-conscious style of writing, how does the narrative alter according to the mode of presentation while still retaining a questioning and awareness of the literary roots?

   Scott Rettberg - 07.01.2013 - 22:39

5. Played by Hyperfiction. Modes of Reading Megan Heyward's "Of Day, of Night"

   How do we read digital literature? I want to approach the topic by studying how electronic literature prefigures the reader's response. The aim of this paper is to explore some of the preconditions for reading electronic literature. I argue that electronic literature might be considered as a text game, in Wolfgang Iser's sense, and that different work prefigures different attitudes towards reading. The attitudes regarding reading, or modes of reading, I will focus on the semantic orientation of reading, aesthetic enjoyment, a mode of gaining experience, and absorption of the reader.

   (Source: Author's abstract, 2008 ELO Conference)

   Scott Rettberg - 08.01.2013 - 11:59

6. The Risk of Reading in Digital Literary Creation

   Modernity is by definition a time of discontinuities and ruptures. And just as writing is now a spatial art, art itself has taken on a certain literary validity in a fertile exercise in artistic permeability. Any ‘modernity' is associated with a certain need to renew the means of expression. The permanent redefinition of the condition and status of the artistic not only redefines the field of art, but also the possibility that artists become experimenters of the possible. Today the creative possibilities offered by the technologies in general and the Internet in particular reinforce and exploit to the limit the communicative intentions of works of literature. In this paper we would like to make a critical analysis of the 2007 edition of the "Ciutat de Vinaròs" Literary Awards winners: Stuart Moulthrop and Isaías Herreros

   (Source: Authors' abstract, 2008 ELO Conference)

   Scott Rettberg - 08.01.2013 - 20:29

7. What Spam Means to Network Situationism

   In this essay we describe and theorize upon a spam data set hidden in the source code of HTML pages at the Bureau of Public Secrets, a website housing English translations of the Situationist manifestos and communiqués.

   We attempt to build upon a fruitful coincidence: what happens when internet interventionists, “code taggers” on a lucrative Spam mission, meet interventionists of the analog era, Situationist "wall taggers”? The textuality of both groups is aimed at reaching efficiency in a networked structure, be it socially or algorithmically coded; both engage a material and performative inscription so as to activate their discourse (i.e. to make it more efficient).

   We witness the action of a mode of writing modeled on graffiti and following the Situationist axiom: “Slogans To Be Spread Now By Every Means.” By focusing on the comparable gesture of verbal propagation (slogans and spam lexicon as social viruses) and the instructional performativity of these texts, we trace a set of theories based on the fiction that Spammers and Situationists have appropriated one another’s tactics.

   (Source: Authors' introduction)

   Scott Rettberg - 30.01.2013 - 21:06

8. Minecrafted Meaning: The Rhetoric of Poetry in Game Environments

   This essay is a synopsis of my fourth chapter from my dissertation. My research consists of game-poems and how they fundamentally alter the experience of “reading” poetry. Ultimately, my argument is that poetic experience is no longer initiated by text, but by the kinetic, audible, visual, and tactile functions in the digital environment that I label as trans-medial space; in effect, these functions sustain the poetry experience, and, thus, require the reader/user of the poem to play, rather than read, as a new form of “reading” the digital game-poem in order experience and interpret a poem’s meaning.

   Jill Walker Rettberg - 28.06.2013 - 09:05

9. A Topographical Approach to Re-Reading Print Books About Islands in Digital Literary Spaces

   This paper interrogates the ‘topic’ of islands displaced from print books into digital literary spaces through a discussion of a web-based work of digital literature ...and by islands I mean paragraphs (Carpenter 2013) http://luckysoap.com/andbyislands/ In this work a reader is cast adrift in a sea of white space veined blue by a background image of graph paper. Whereas horizontally lined loose leaf or foolscap offers a guide for linear hand writing, horizontally and vertically lined graph paper offers a guide for locating positions, or intersections, along orthogonal axes such as latitude and longitude, and time and distance. In this graphic space the horizon extends far beyond the bounds of the browser window, to the north, south, east and west. Navigating this space (with track pad, touch screen, mouse, or arrow keys) reveals that this sea is dotted with islands… and by islands I mean computer-generated paragraphs.

   J. R. Carpenter - 22.11.2014 - 10:54