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1. An ethnography of a networked community as emergent creativity

   This paper presents the methodological toolkit that will be used at the ELMCIP project to investigate creativity as expressed and experienced by online creative communities. Whilst creativity is often perceived as the product of the individual artist, or creative ensemble, it can also be considered as an emergent phenomenon of communities driving change and facilitating individual or ensemble creativity. The ELMCIP project will gather valuable information on the interpretation and the performativity of ‘creativity’ by electronic literature practitioners – both professional and amateur – within a transnational and multicultural context. To acquire an understanding of how such a community interacts, communicates and exchanges knowledge, within a transnational context, the research will adopt online ethnographic methods, involving multiple sites of observation, which are intended to cut across the dichotomies of the ‘local’ and the ‘global’.

   Jill Walker Rettberg - 18.09.2010 - 22:09

2. Distributed Authorship and Creative Communities (conference paper)

   In its requirement for both an author and reader art can be considered a participatory activity. Expanded concepts of agency, such as in actor-network-theory (Latour 2005), question what or who can be an active participant, allowing us to revisit the debate on authorship from a new perspective. We can ask whether creativity might be regarded as a form of social interaction rather than an outcome. How might we understand creativity as interaction between people and things, as sets of discursive relations rather than outcomes? Whilst creativity is often perceived as the product of the individual artist, or creative ensemble, it can also be considered an emergent phenomenon of communities, driving change and facilitating individual or ensemble creativity. Creativity can be a performative activity released when engaged through and by a community and understood as a process of interaction. In this context the model of the solitary artist who produces artefacts which embody creativity is questioned as an ideal for achieving creative outcomes. Instead, creativity is proposed as an activity of exchange that enables (creates) people and communities.

   Simon Biggs - 21.09.2010 - 10:49

3. Digital Literature in France (conference presentation)

   The presentation briefly retraces the history of electronic literature in France, emphasizing the various literary and aesthetic tendencies and the corresponding structures (groups, magazines, etc.). The focus then shifts to French electronic literature communities. The presentation notably provides an account of a study that Bouchardon did in 2004-2007 for the Centre Pompidou in Paris (study included in the book "Un laboratoire de littératures", http://editionsdelabibliotheque.bpi.fr/livre/?GCOI=84240100044550). He analyzed a "dispositif" (mailing list, website, meetings) called e-critures, dedicated to electronic literature, with the hypothesis of the co-construction of a "dispositif", a field and a community. The presentation concludes with the possible characteristics of electronic literature in France (which might not be specific to France), both from a literary and from a sociological point of view.

   Serge Bouchardon - 22.09.2010 - 07:50

4. The ELO and US Electronic Literature in the 2000s

   The Electronic Literature Organization was founded as a literary nonprofit organization in 1999 after the Technology Platforms for 21st Century Literature conference at Brown University. Today, the ELO is one of the most active organizations in the field, central to the practice of literature in the United States and its establishment as an academic discipline. This presentation will briefly outline the history of the organization, the ways that its mission, profile, and focus of has evolved and changed over its first decade, and offer some tentative insights into the ways that an institutionally structured community can facilitate network-mediated art practice.

   Patricia Tomaszek - 15.10.2010 - 17:21

5. Electronic Literature as World Literature; or, The Universality of Writing under Constraint

   Electronic literature is not just a “thing” or a “medium” or even a body of “works” in various “genres.” It is not poetry, fiction, hypertext, gaming, codework, or some new admixture of all these practices. E-literature is, arguably, an emerging cultural form, as much a collective creation of terms, keywords, genres, structures, and institutions as it is the production of new literary objects. The ideas of cybervisionaries Paul Otlet, Vannevar Bush, and Ted Nelson, foundational to the electronic storage, recovery, and processing of texts, go beyond practical insights and can be seen to participate in a long-standing ambition to construct a world literature in the sense put forward by David Damrosch (2003: 5): “not an infinite ungraspable canon of works but rather a mode of circulation and of reading...

   Eric Dean Rasmussen - 06.01.2011 - 12:57

6. Editorial Process and the Idea of Genre in Electronic Literature in the Electronic Literature Collection, Volume 1

   The article focuses on two subjects: the process of editing the Electronic Literature Collection, Volume 1 (2006), and the idea of genre in electronic literature. The author was one of four editors of the first volume of the Collection, along with N. Katherine Hayles, Nick Montfort, and Stephanie Strickland. The Collection, which will be published on a regular basis, is intended to distribute contemporary electronic literature to a wider audience, and to provide a contextual and bibliographic apparatus to make electronic literature more accessible to audiences and educators. In the past decades, the forms of literary artifacts described as electronic literature have diversified to the extent that it is difficult to continue describe them using traditional terms of literary genre. The essay addresses some of the problems involved in classifying digital artifacts by genre, and suggests some avenues of addressing these epistemological challenges. The essay calls for a contextual understanding of works of electronic literature, based both on their nature as procedural artifacts and on their position within a historical continuum of avant-garde practices.

   Scott Rettberg - 13.01.2011 - 15:49

7. A [S]creed for Digital Fiction

   An international group of digital-fiction scholars proposes a platform of critical principles, seeking to build the foundation for a truly "digital" approach to literary study. Published in ebr's electropoetics thread.

   Eric Dean Rasmussen - 18.02.2011 - 22:31

8. Reading, Describing, and Evaluating Electronic Literature for Archiving

   In programmierbaren Medien produzierte Literatur erfordert eine Rekonzeptionalisierung des Rezeptionsprozesses sowie die Entwicklung neuer Konzepte zur Bewertung von (elektronischer) Literatur. Dies ist notwendig, wenn kinetische oder vom Computer zufällig rekombinierte und generierte Texte, interaktive Erzählungen, Hyperfictions oder Gedichte, die als bewegte Buchstaben auf dem Bildschirm erscheinen, Analyseobjekte für Archivierungsprozesse darstellen. Erst wenn diese Voraussetzungen erfüllt sind, können tragfähige Verfahren zur Archivierung und Bewertung dieser Literatur entwickelt werden. Es geht daher nicht um die Frage, wie überlieferte Texte digitalisiert und archiviert werden können. Vielmehr geht es bei den laufenden Initiativen der „Electronic Literature Organization“ (ELO), die im Folgenden vorgestellt werden sollen, um „born-digital works“, d.h. um „elektronische Literatur“, „Netzliteratur“, oder „Literatur in neuen Medien“ (um nur drei der zahlreichen Bezeichnungen des aufstrebenden Forschungsfeldes zu nennen).

   Eric Dean Rasmussen - 22.02.2011 - 16:29

9. Regards Croisés: Perspectives on Digital Literature

   from the publisher: What happens to literature in an age of digital technology? Regards Croisés: Perspectives on Digital Literature provides an answer, with a collection of cutting-edge critical essays on literature gone digital. Regards Croisés is an important addition to existing research on digital literature, and will appeal to scholars of electronic writing, digital art, humanities computing, media and communication, and others interested in the field. It offers a significant advance in the field through its wide-angle perspective that globalizes digital literature and diversifies the current critical paradigms. Regards Croisés shows how digital literature connects with traditions and future directions of reading and writing communities all over the world. With contributions by authors from eight countries and three continents, the collection presents points of view on a transcontinental practice of digital literature. Regards Croisés also opens dialogues with expanded critical paradigms of digital literature, beyond earlier critical concern with the aesthetics of the screen as a space of hypertext links.

   Eric Dean Rasmussen - 23.02.2011 - 10:12

10. Flukten fra språkfengselet

    The article, published in Norwegian in Vagant and in English as "Escaping the Prison House of Language: New Media Essays in the Electronic Literature Collection, Volume 2" on the author's website, addresses the release of the Electronic Literature Collection, Volume 2, and several new media essays and documentaries published in the collection.

    Scott Rettberg - 26.02.2011 - 16:06

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