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Deeper into the Machine: The Future of Electronic Literature
N. Katherine Hayles's keynote address for the 2002 State of the Arts Symposium at UCLA. Hayles identifies two generations of electronic literature: mainly text-based works produces in Storyspace and Hypercard until about 1995-1997, and second-generation works, mainly authored in Director, Flash, Shockwave and XML in years after that. She identifies second-generation works as "fully multimedia" and notes a move "deeper into the machine." She then reads a number of second-generation works in the context of their computational specificity.
Publication note: Also published online in Culture Machine Vol. 5 (2003)
Scott Rettberg - 30.05.2011 - 12:38
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Maskiner og parabler
En diskusjon av Steve Tomasula and Stephen Farrells TOC: A New Media Novel.
Scott Rettberg - 25.03.2012 - 23:41
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Time and the Machine: Steve Tomasula and Stephen Farrell’s TOC
English version of the review published in Norwegian as "Maskiner og parabler" in Vagant 3/2010.
A review of Steve Tomasula and Stephen Farrell's TOC: A New Media Novel.
Scott Rettberg - 26.03.2012 - 00:46
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After 391: Picabia's early multimedia experiments
This essay attempts to answer a simple question: why did Francis Picabia stop publishing 391? By October 1924, when the final issue was published, 391 was the longest running magazine related to dada and the burgeoning surrealist movement, and Picabia was well established as one of the premiere avant-gardists in Paris and beyond, with literary, artistic and personal connections to all the major players in the movements that had turned the art world upside down for almost a decade. What caused him to suddenly cease publication of his provocative (but well respected) journal?
(Source: author's abstract.)
Chris Joseph - 27.06.2012 - 07:34
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I like IRC & SMS
Rita Raley's presentation focuses on the use of IRC and SMS in multimedia installations, net-based projects, and street performances. Projects discussed will likely include "Listening Post" (Mark Hansen and Ben Rubin), "RE:Positioning Fear" (Rafael Lozano-Hemmer), "Urban Scrawl" (Sushma Madan and Neil Noakes), "TXTual Healing" (Paul Notzold), and "Simple Text" (Family Filter). While the chat messages used in "Listening Post" are datamined rather than solicited, the other projects are instances of user-driven media. One clear tension to explore, then, will be that between surveillance and participatory culture. Other themes and issues will include public vs. private space, locative media, and electronic English.
Scott Rettberg - 07.01.2013 - 16:12
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From Audio Black to Artful Noises: Looking at Sound in Electronic Literature
The interplay between sound and image was a vexed issue for practioners and critics of the 20th century art screen art. As the story goes, some argued for a "complex interaction of sound with image" (Kahn 142) others for the political necessity of non-synchronized sound. Early on, "the dream" of "correlating sound and image" through localization (Altman) to deploy sound so as "to reinforce the reality effect" and to "induce[...] spectators to center their gaze." (Polet). There is a sense of disappointment in this trajectory, from the "talkie"to Dolby Surround, by which the sound track comes to maintenance of an illusionistic 3-dimensional visual space.
Scott Rettberg - 08.01.2013 - 11:36
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Textuality and Graphic Novels: Identity, Influence and Adaptation in V for Vendetta and Beyond
This paper presents a multimedia/hypertext/PowerPoint presentation that focuses on the graphic novel V for Vendetta by Alan Moore and David Lloyd and the 2006 adapted film version of V for Vendetta, directed by Andy and Larry Wachowski. This presentation addresses the history of graphic novels and looks at recent trends in the medium, compares two scenes from the graphic novel with the film, and weaves in theoretical concepts such as the relationships between text and image, the use of simulation and semiotic analysis. Other issues discussed include the use of theatrics, masks and constructed identity in both texts. Finally, the presentation concludes with a look at the future of graphic novels and a call to further academic studies of this emerging textual medium and its growing life in virtual online forms.
(Source: Author's abstract, 2008 ELO Conference site)
Scott Rettberg - 09.01.2013 - 10:12
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Multimedia Project of Isaac Rosenberg and William Blake
The crux of my work two artist/poets, William Blake (1757-1827) and Isaac Rosenberg (1890-1919), is in how they expanded the definitions of the man/nature relationship through mythology and spiritual exploration. In addition to audio recordings of readings of the poets' poetry that accompanies their artwork and selected words for emphasis, which I composed in a movie format, I created a podcast discussing my critical and analytical study of the influence of Blake's writing on the increasingly well-studied Modernist, Rosenberg. The exploration of Rosenberg is benefitted by a recent and first scholarly edition of Rosenberg's poems by Vivien Noakes in 2004. While Noakes' edition of his poetry is in itself important, little critical exploration into the influence of Blake on Rosenberg's poetry has occurred, although it is often mentioned in brief. Indeed, not much critical exploration into Rosenberg's poetry has occurred whatsoever. The natural elements of Blake's and Rosenberg's poetry and especially the difference in the ways they presented nature compared to their contemporaries, will stand foremost in this study.
Scott Rettberg - 09.01.2013 - 13:23
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Engineering stories? A narratological approach to children’s book apps
With the rise of smartphones and tablet pcs, children’s book apps have emerged as a new type of children’s media. While some of them are based on popular children’s books such as Mo Willems’ Pigeon books or Beatrix Potter’s Peter Rabbit, others were specifically designed as apps. This paper focuses on examining book apps under the aspects of implied user strategies and narrative structure. Using a narratological framework that also takes into account the unique characteristics of the medium, a terminology for the analysis of book apps will be sketched out. Furthermore, an exemplary analysis of iOS book apps for pre- and grade school children comes to the conclusion that, far from offering the child users room for individual creativity, a large number of apps rather train their users in following prescribed paths of reading.
(Contains references to more creative works than currently registered:
Jill Walker Rettberg - 29.04.2014 - 06:24
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Electronic Literature as an Information System: A Foundational Framework
Electronic literature is a term that encompasses creative texts produced for printed media which are consumed in electronic format, as well as text produced for electronic media that could not be printed without losing essential qualities. In this paper we propose that works of electronic literature, understood as text (with possible inclusion of multimedia elements) designed to be consumed in bi or multi-directional electronic media, are evolving to become n-tier information systems. By "n-tier information system" we understand a configuration of components clearly separated in at least three independent layers: data (the textual content), process (computational interactions) and presentation (on-screen rendering of the narrative). In this paper, we build two basic arguments. On the one hand, we propose that the conception of electronic literature as an information system exploits the essence of electronic media, and we predict that this paradigm will become dominant in this field within the next few years. On the other hand, we propose that building information systems may also lead in a shift of emphasis from one-time artistic novelties to reusable systems.
Hannah Ackermans - 06.04.2016 - 13:41
