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  1. The Reader as Author as Figure as Text

    The paper takes a short look at the much discussed dismissal of the author in hypertext collaborative writing and discusses the role of authorship in three German collaborative writing projects. The results are: 1. Collaboration sometimes works like collaboration with the 'enemy.' The pleasure of some collaborative writing projects therefore comes not so much from the story itself as from what the text reveals about its authors. 2. The attraction of some collaborative writing project lies in the setting more than in the contributed texts. What fails as Netliterature may get a second chance as Netart. 3. If the program of a collaborative writing project automatically and randomly creates the links and develops the structure of the whole, it takes over the collaboration between authors and their texts. The conclusion is: As the text itself becomes more and more part of a technical setting, and as the program moves more and more into the center, the project of collaborative writing increasingly dismisses the reader. To a user who accidentally stops by and starts to read, the text itself doesn't say all that much.

    Patricia Tomaszek - 14.09.2010 - 12:19

  2. An ethnography of a networked community as emergent creativity

    This paper presents the methodological toolkit that will be used at the ELMCIP project to investigate creativity as expressed and experienced by online creative communities. Whilst creativity is often perceived as the product of the individual artist, or creative ensemble, it can also be considered as an emergent phenomenon of communities driving change and facilitating individual or ensemble creativity. The ELMCIP project will gather valuable information on the interpretation and the performativity of ‘creativity’ by electronic literature practitioners – both professional and amateur – within a transnational and multicultural context. To acquire an understanding of how such a community interacts, communicates and exchanges knowledge, within a transnational context, the research will adopt online ethnographic methods, involving multiple sites of observation, which are intended to cut across the dichotomies of the ‘local’ and the ‘global’.

    Jill Walker Rettberg - 18.09.2010 - 22:09

  3. Distributed Authorship and Creative Communities (conference paper)

    In its requirement for both an author and reader art can be considered a participatory activity. Expanded concepts of agency, such as in actor-network-theory (Latour 2005), question what or who can be an active participant, allowing us to revisit the debate on authorship from a new perspective. We can ask whether creativity might be regarded as a form of social interaction rather than an outcome. How might we understand creativity as interaction between people and things, as sets of discursive relations rather than outcomes? Whilst creativity is often perceived as the product of the individual artist, or creative ensemble, it can also be considered an emergent phenomenon of communities, driving change and facilitating individual or ensemble creativity. Creativity can be a performative activity released when engaged through and by a community and understood as a process of interaction. In this context the model of the solitary artist who produces artefacts which embody creativity is questioned as an ideal for achieving creative outcomes. Instead, creativity is proposed as an activity of exchange that enables (creates) people and communities.

    Simon Biggs - 21.09.2010 - 10:49

  4. Digital Literature in France (conference presentation)

    The presentation briefly retraces the history of electronic literature in France, emphasizing the various literary and aesthetic tendencies and the corresponding structures (groups, magazines, etc.). The focus then shifts to French electronic literature communities. The presentation notably provides an account of a study that Bouchardon did in 2004-2007 for the Centre Pompidou in Paris (study included in the book "Un laboratoire de littératures", http://editionsdelabibliotheque.bpi.fr/livre/?GCOI=84240100044550). He analyzed a "dispositif" (mailing list, website, meetings) called e-critures, dedicated to electronic literature, with the hypothesis of the co-construction of a "dispositif", a field and a community. The presentation concludes with the possible characteristics of electronic literature in France (which might not be specific to France), both from a literary and from a sociological point of view.

    Serge Bouchardon - 22.09.2010 - 07:50

  5. The ELO and US Electronic Literature in the 2000s

    The Electronic Literature Organization was founded as a literary nonprofit organization in 1999 after the Technology Platforms for 21st Century Literature conference at Brown University. Today, the ELO is one of the most active organizations in the field, central to the practice of literature in the United States and its establishment as an academic discipline. This presentation will briefly outline the history of the organization, the ways that its mission, profile, and focus of has evolved and changed over its first decade, and offer some tentative insights into the ways that an institutionally structured community can facilitate network-mediated art practice.

    Patricia Tomaszek - 15.10.2010 - 17:21

  6. German Net Literature: In the Exile of Invisibility

    German net literature had an early and very public start through competitions organized in 1996-8 by the major newspaper Die Zeit and IBM, but was declared dead or stillborn immediately afterwards. Consequently, net literature became a subject of controversy between artists, theorists, and literary critics from which not only a strong community evolved but also a literary system. In this system, competitions served as public, peer-reviewed mediators for net literature and became an important feature of “post-processing.” Since the end of the 90s however, German net literature became slowly invisible. The lack of public awareness of net literature is common to many countries. Post-processing is a key for public visibility and according to Siegfried J. Schmidt et al. an important component in a literary system. In search of reasons for the state of invisibility of German net literature, I analyze mechanisms of post-processing in our community, which I regard as a literary system. This descriptive synopsis is the first paper in an upcoming series that opens up questions towards the role of peer-review, public reception, and artists' community-building.

    Patricia Tomaszek - 12.01.2011 - 17:15

  7. The ELMCIP Knowledge Base and the Formation of an International Field of Literary Scholarship and Practice

    The paper provides an introduction to the HERA (Humanities in the European Research Area) collaborative research project ELMCIP: Developing a network-based creative community: Electronic Literature as a model of creativity and innovation in practice, and in particular details the Knowledge Base component of the project. The Knowledge Base is a new platform for developing and sharing bibliographic records about works, critical writing, events, publishers, organizations, and authors in the field of electronic literature, with a particular emphasis on the European context. The paper further introduces the collaborative activity of CELL: an international Consortium for Electronic Literature organized by the Electronic Literature Organization.

    Scott Rettberg - 12.01.2011 - 20:04

  8. Patterns of Hypertext

    The apparent unruliness of contemporary hypertexts arises, in part, from our lack of a vocabulary to describe hypertext structures. From observation of a variety of actual hypertexts, we identify a variety of common structural patterns that may prove useful for description, analysis, and perhaps for design of complex hypertexts. These patterns include: Cycle Counterpoint Mirrorworld Tangle Sieve Montage Split/Join Missing Link Feint

    Jill Walker Rettberg - 14.01.2011 - 11:59

  9. Piecing Together and Tearing Apart: Finding the Story in afternoon

    This paper is a reading of a classic of hypertext narrative: Michael Joyce’s afternoon, a story. Several writers have discussed afternoon previously. However I have chosen to explore afternoon from a different angle by using theories of narratology, especially Genette. In this reading, I explore ways in which the text confuses the reader but also the many stabilising elements that aid the reader to piece together a story.

    NB: Published under author's unmarried name, Jill Walker.

    Jill Walker Rettberg - 14.01.2011 - 12:40

  10. Semantisation, Exploration, Self-reflection and Absorption: Our Modes of Reading Hypertext Fiction

    "How do we read hypertext fiction? The question has been widely explored (Moulthrop 1991; Kaplan and Moulthrop 1991; Snyder 1997; Miall and Dobson 2001; Ryan 2001; Gardner 2003; Gunder 2004; Landow 2006; Mangen 2006; Page 2006) and there seems to be a consensus regarding the reader’s experience of hypertext fiction. Many critics actually claim that reading hypertext fiction generates frustration and insecurity. These and other studies describe how their readers react on and respond to hypertext fiction, but, as I see it, they partly fail in that they put to much weight on the reader’s responds and hardly no weight on the fact that hypertext fiction just like print fiction encourage or prefigure different responses and different modes of reading. The consequence is that these studies suffers from limitations witch lessens their valuable contribution to our knowledge about reading hypertext fiction. One reason for this might be that hypertext theory lack established concepts for describing response structures that encourage different modes of reading.

    Eric Dean Rasmussen - 27.01.2011 - 15:13

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